Excessive vibration from a blown tire triggered the collapse of landing gear on an Air Canada Express flight that skidded off the edge of a runway on Nov. 6, 2014. The Transportation Safety Board says the collapse of the right main landing gear caused a propeller blade to slice through the Jazz Aviation Dash 8 402.

Three passengers suffered minor injuries from bits of debris as the propeller punctured the fuselage during the hard landing. 

The report released Wednesday warns that a similar landing-gear failure could happen unless aircraft components and airframes are required to undergo dynamic vibration tests. “There is a risk that similar or other aircraft systems could fail during high-vibration conditions,” says the report. 

The turboprop had taken off from Calgary and was flying to Grande Prairie when the pilot told the passengers and crew that they had blown a tire, but he could still land the aircraft. The flight was diverted to Edmonton because officials felt conditions were safer there. 

There was no indication that there was a problem with the landing gear other than the blown tire and the crew followed normal procedures, the report says. The plane touched down lightly, but within seconds excessive vibrations from the blown tire caused mechanisms in the landing gear to unlock, which led it to collapse. 

Investigators determined that some airlines have found that the tires on the right main landing gear on that type of Dash 8 aircraft fail more frequently than the others. The report also says the tire that failed was a retread, and notes that the airline stopped using retread tires on its fleet of Dash 8s within days of the landing. 

The TSB also says that sharp turns on the ground and hard braking may cause too much wear on tires, and that operators of Dash 8s have changed procedures to avoid sharp right turns.